[Effects of Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Social Distancing on Women's Suicidal Ideation: Mediating Effect of Depression].

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of depression amid the influence of fear and social distancing arising from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korean women's suicidal ideation. METHODS: A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Study participants, recruited by Hankook Research from March 2 to March 5, 2021, included 300 women aged 19 to 49 living in South Korea, and 100 people were randomly allocated and enlisted for each age group out of 700,000 Hankook Research Panels recruited in advance from 17 cities and provinces nationwide. Data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Hayes' Process Macro Model 4 with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval via SPSS statistics 27.0. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation was significantly correlated with fear of COVID-19 (r = .16, p = .006) and depression (r = .65, p < .001). The mediation effect of depression in the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and suicidal ideation was found to be significant (B = 0.40, boot 95% CI: 0.21~0.61). However, social distancing did not significantly affect suicidal ideation via depression (B = -0.79, boot 95% CI: -1.94~0.26). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop and apply interventions to prevent depression and suicidal behaviors by continuously observing and reducing the negative psychological responses caused by COVID-19.

Global prevalence of presenteeism in the nursing workforce: A meta-analysis of 28 studies from 14 countries.

AIMS: This study aimed to estimate the overall presenteeism prevalence in the nursing workforce. BACKGROUND: Nurses are more prone to presenteeism, which is associated with adverse outcomes for both nurses and patients. However, comprehensive information on the global prevalence of presenteeism in nursing workforce is lacking. EVALUATION: Seven databases were systematically searched without year or language restrictions in July 2021. Studies that reported the prevalence rate of presenteeism among nurses were included. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. KEY ISSUES: A total of 28 studies from 14 countries were included. The overall pooled estimate of presenteeism prevalence among nursing workforce was 49.2% (95% CI: 0.411, 0.574). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of presenteeism was higher when the reporting time frame was >1 month and <1 year compared with ≤1 month or ≥1 year. CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis showed the substantial prevalence of presenteeism in the nursing workforce with variations across different reporting time frames. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The findings can be used to support nurse managers, administrators and policymakers in recognizing the prevalence of presenteeism and developing relevant prevention strategies against presenteeism among global nursing workforce.

The Experiences of Illness in Korean Bladder Cancer Patients With Radical Cystectomy.

BACKGROUND: After radical cystectomy, many bladder cancer patients experience physical and psychological difficulties. For nurses, understanding the illness experiences should be the utmost priority. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to comprehensively understand the experiences of illness among bladder cancer patients with radical cystectomy in Korea. METHODS: Purposive sampling was used in this qualitative study to recruit patients hospitalized with bladder cancer at the urology cancer center in South Korea. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews and analyzed using the thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke. RESULTS: Six themes were derived: "confusion with bodily changes," "loss of daily life as it was before radical cystectomy," "feeling daunted," "body acceptance," "adaptation," and "feeling grateful for life." These themes represent the emotional state and adaptation process after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the understanding of the experience of illness in Korean adults experiencing bladder cancer. Whereas most previous research focuses on physical aspects, including treatment methods, this study focused on understanding the life and suffering after discharge of individuals. This study can help nurses to better understand the postoperative life of the patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study can be a foundation for developing informational materials or intervention programs needed to solve the difficulties encountered during urostomy or neobladder self-care. Specifically, a strategy has to be devised to alleviate the pain of loss and to help patients who feel daunted and experience a negative body image.

Body Weight Perception and Health-Related Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Body Weight Control Behaviors.

This study examined mediating effects of body weight control behaviors in the relationship between body weight perception and health-related behaviors among 11,458 U.S. adolescents from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey. Parallel multiple mediation analysis was performed for the secondary data analysis. Nearly one third of adolescents (32.5%) had overweight or obesity; one quarter (25.0%) perceived themselves as slightly overweight and 5.1% thought they were very overweight. More girls (58.6%) had tried to lose weight than boys (32.3%), while boys were more physically active than girls. Healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors significantly mediated the relationship between adolescents' body weight perception and health-related behaviors (physical activity and screen time). Teachers and parents should help adolescents have accurate weight perception and utilize reliable and healthy weight control strategies. Future studies should consider the intercorrelated relationships among adolescents' perceptions and behaviors regarding weight to provide successful weight control intervention programs.

Influence of Parental Attitude Toward Psychiatric Help on Their Children's Suicidal Ideation: A Convenience Sample Study on One South Korean Middle School.

Depression, depression stigma, and attitude toward psychiatric help are associated factors of suicide in adolescents. As parents are the main decision-makers of receiving professional help for their children's depression and suicide, parental factors influencing their children's suicide should be examined. Moreover, parents' help-seeking attitude for their own mental health problems could affect their children's mental health problems. Therefore, this study examined the serial mediation of adolescents' depression, depression stigma, and attitude toward psychiatric help in the relationship between parental attitude toward psychiatric help and the suicidal ideation of their children, using data of 103 parent-child pairs. A cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a self-administered survey. A serial mediation analysis was performed using Amos 25.0. Parental attitude toward psychiatric help directly and indirectly influenced children's suicidal ideation. Children's depression stigma, attitude toward psychiatric help, and depression mediated the relationship of parental attitude toward psychiatric help and their children's suicidal ideation. When parents have a more positive attitude toward psychiatric help, their children's suicidal ideation become more decreased. Enhancing only parental attitude toward psychiatric help may make a positive change on their children's suicidal ideation. The study findings imply that when developing and applying youth suicide prevention programs, how parents affect their children's suicidal ideation should be considered as well as adolescents' depression stigma, attitude toward psychiatric help, and depression. Given the results of this study, healthcare providers may better evaluate the effectiveness of their intervention programs for preventing adolescents' suicide.

Parental Support and Children's Body Weight: Mediating Effects of Health Behaviors.

This study examined the indirect effect of parental support for physical activity on children's body weight through physical activity and screen time. We also compared the results between children with correct body weight perception and those with incorrect body weight perception. A secondary data analysis was performed using the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey of 11,458 U.S. high school students. Data analyses were conducted using Mplus 8.3 and AMOS 26.0. One third of children were overweight or obese. Physical activity and screen time significantly mediated the relationship between parental support for physical activity and children's body weight regardless of body weight perception. Parental support for physical activity had a direct effect on children's body weight only among children who incorrectly estimate their body weight. Developers of childhood obesity programs can use the direct and indirect pathways between parental support and children's health-related behaviors associated with childhood obesity.

[The Effect of Nurse's Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: Mediation Effect of Burnout and Moderated Mediation Effect of Authentic Leadership].

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of nurses' emotional labor on their turnover intention that was mediated by burnout and to examine the moderated mediation effect of authentic leadership. METHODS: A total of 227 nurses working at two general hospitals in Seoul were recruited from March 21 to May 6 in 2016. Emotional labor including surface acting and deep acting; burnout factors such as emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment; and turnover intention were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS: Surface acting significantly increased emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Deep acting significantly increased personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion significantly increased turnover intention. Conversely, personal accomplishment significantly reduced turnover intention. Surface acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion. Deep acting had an indirect effect on turnover intention that was mediated by personal accomplishment. Authentic leadership had a moderated mediation effect on the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention that was mediated by emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that the establishment of strong authentic leadership by head nurses would help nurses reduce their burnout and turnover intention. Conducting intervention studies would be also important to promote better work environments that would enable nurses to fortify the positive aspect of emotional labor and to reduce their burnout levels.

Comparisons of laboratory results between two blood samplings: Venipuncture versus peripheral venous catheter-A systematic review with meta-analysis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the results of haematology, blood chemistry and coagulation tests between two blood sampling methods via venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter. BACKGROUND: Laboratory results of the previous studies on blood sampling methods through peripheral venous catheter versus venipuncture are inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the discrepancies between the two blood sampling methods and to provide evidence for practice. DESIGN: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA reporting guideline. METHODS: Reviewed articles for this study were searched through database, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and ERIC (Educational Resource Information Centre). Hand-searching was also conducted. RESULTS: We finally identified 17 studies for a systematic review, and 10 studies out of them were selected for a meta-analysis. A total of 678 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was no significant difference in haematology, blood chemistry and coagulation test values between two sampling methods via venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study provide substantial evidence that most blood tests via venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter would not be different. Patients will be benefitted by reducing the number of venipuncture if a series of blood tests can be conducted by using peripheral venous catheter. Thus, healthcare providers may refer to more reliable laboratory results on using peripheral venous catheter for without increasing the risk of bleeding events and pain on blood sampling sites due to frequent phlebotomies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results of this study will be a good evidence to decide blood sampling methods in clinical practice.

Relationships of family history of disease and child weight status to child routines: Multi-mediating effect of parental feeding practices and perception of child's weight.

The present study is a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey conducted among 129 parents of preschoolers from northwest Florida, USA. It examined the multi-mediating effect of parental feeding practices and parents' perception of child's weight in the relationships of family history of disease and child's weight to child routines. Children's height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Path analyses were performed to test the mediation model using AMOS 25.0. The mediating analysis revealed that restriction mediates the relationship between family history of disease and child routines. Restriction and monitoring were significant mediators between child's weight and routines. Given the critical impact of parents on childhood obesity, understanding the mediating roles of parental feeding practices is imperative, as such practices might be susceptible to intervention. Health-care providers should assess parental feeding practices in their practice settings.

Effects of Smartphone-Based Mobile Learning in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of smartphone-based mobile learning for nurses and nursing students. METHODS: Electronic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC) was conducted. Two authors independently reviewed empirical studies for inclusion and extracted the design, sample size, intervention method, outcome variables, and statistical values of them. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. To estimate the effect size, meta-analysis was performed using R meta program. RESULTS: Authors identified 11 randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials of a total of 3,419 studies. Overall effect sizes by random-effects model was large [Hedges'g (g) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-1.52], with learning attitude (g = 1.69), skills (g = 1.41), knowledge (g = 1.47), and confidence in performance (g = 1.54). For heterogeneity, subgroup analyses using meta-analysis of variance were performed, but no significant difference was found. Finally, a funnel plot and Egger's regression test along with trim-and-fill analysis and fail-safe N were conducted to check for publication bias, but no significant bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Smartphone-based mobile learning had significantly positive influence on nursing students' knowledge, skills, confidence in performance, and learning attitude. Smartphone-based mobile learning may be an alternative or supportive method for better education in nursing fields.

Longitudinal effects of insufficient sleep on psychological problems among adolescent bullies based on Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey.

This study was performed to investigate longitudinal effects of insufficient sleep on psychological problems among bullies and neutral students using the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) collected from 8th to 10th graders. At the first wave, 6.4% of students reported that they had bullied other students two or more times. Bullies having insufficient sleep duration at the first wave exhibited significantly higher aggression levels than bullies with sufficient sleep over time. Among neutral students, sleep insufficiency showed no longitudinal relationship with aggression. Our findings confirm that insufficient sleep was an associated factor for chronically elevated aggression among bullies.

Web-Based Study for Improving Mammography Among Korean American Women.

Web-based culture-specific interventions for Korean American (KA) women to improve mammography utilization are not available. An established intervention developed to improve mammography utilizations for Korean American (KA) women was tested via the Web for its efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability. A randomized controlled trial, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was conducted with 136 KA women and their spouses. Intention to have a mammogram within the next 12 months increased significantly in the intervention group compare to controls. Among women whose mammograms had not been updated, 22 % of women in the intervention and 13 % of women in the control group obtained a mammogram at 2-month post-baseline, even though the difference was not statistically significant. The Web-based study educating couples was feasible and could improve KA women's breast cancer screening intention and behaviors. Combining off-line contact for recruitment/data collection with online intervention material could decrease the attrition rate in the future study because the attrition rate in this study was higher than the original study.

Feasibility of a web-based suicide awareness programme for Asian American college students.

OBJECTIVE: The Truth about Suicide video has been widely used but has never been empirically tested regarding its cultural appropriateness for Asian Americans. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of using the video in a web-based suicide awareness programme for Asian American and non-Hispanic white college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional, comparative, web-based study was conducted with 227 Asian Americans and 204 non-Hispanic whites at a university in the Midwest region of the USA. Study participants completed a questionnaire measuring their cultural orientation and attitudes towards suicide, watched the 27 min video, completed a debriefing session and evaluated the video's overall suitability. RESULTS: Asian Americans rated the suicide awareness video significantly lower for cultural relevance than did non-Hispanic whites (F=5.479, p=0.02). Collectivist cultural orientation was a significant predictor for cultural relevance, credibility and appeal; however, evaluation of the video's cultural relevance was negatively affected by Asian ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural orientation and race/ethnicity should be strongly considered when web-based suicide awareness programmes are developed for college students.

Self-Report Versus Medical Record for Mammography Screening Among Minority Women.

Self-report is the most common means of obtaining mammography screening data. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of minority women's self-reported mammography by comparing their self-reported dates of mammograms with those in their medical records from a community-based randomized control trial. We found that out of 192 women, 116 signed the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act form and, among these, 97 had medical records that could be verified (97 / 116 = 83.6%). Ninety-two records matched where both sources confirmed a mammogram; 48 of 92 (52.2%) matched perfectly on self-reported date of mammogram. Complexities in the verification process warrant caution when verifying self-reported mammography screening in minority populations. In spite of some limitations, our findings support the usage of self-reported data on mammography as a validated tool for other researchers investigating mammography screening among minority women who continue to have low screening rates.

Korean American Women and Mammogram Uptake.

A high percentage of Korean American (KA) women have never had a mammogram, which puts them at greater risk for late-stage breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare health beliefs and spousal support about breast cancer and screening between KA women with and without a history of mammogram completion. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 428 non-adherent married KA women. KA women who never had a mammogram were younger, had less access to health care, had less knowledge, and had lower perceived self-efficacy, benefits, and spousal support, and higher perceived barriers to breast cancer screening compared to women who had had a mammogram. Assessing differing characteristics between the two groups of KA women may lead to a better understanding of the variables influencing mammography screening in this population and possibly increase early screening.

Erratum to: Korean American Women and Mammogram Uptake.

Erratum to: J Immigrant Minority Health, DOI 10.1007/s10903-015-0164-6. The names of two of the authors (Eunice E. Lee and Kyeung Mi Oh) were incorrect in the original publication. The correct names are shown here.

Association Between Daily Time Spent in Sedentary Behavior and Duration of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.

UNLABELLED: Exercise and sedentary behavior have different physiologic effects, which have yet to be fully explained. Time spent in sedentary behavior has been associated with glucose intolerance in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, but these data have come largely from cross-sectional studies that have not explored this relationship in adults with diabetes. The specific aim of this study was to examine the relationship between time spent in sedentary behavior and glucose levels in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes over 3-5 days. METHODS: Using continuous and concurrent data gathered from wrist accelerometry and a Continuous Glucose-Monitoring Sensor (CGMS), we conducted a longitudinal, descriptive study involving 86 patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: More time spent in sedentary behavior was predictive of significant increases in time spent in hyperglycemia (B = 0.12, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the relationship between time spent sedentary and time spent in hyperglycemia, as identified through our use of objective, continuous data collection methods for both sedentary behavior and glucose levels across multiple days (Actiwatch, CGMS). For patients with type 2 diabetes, these findings emphasize the need for the development of individualized interventions aimed at decreasing the amount of time spent in hyperglycemia by reducing sedentary time.

Glucose control and fatigue in type 2 diabetes: the mediating roles of diabetes symptoms and distress.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating influence of diabetes health characteristics (diabetes distress, depression symptoms and diabetes symptoms) on the relationship between glucose control and fatigue in adults with type 2 diabetes. BACKGROUND: In patients with type 2 diabetes, fatigue is common and can affect diabetes self-management behaviours. Although long thought to result from hyperglycaemia, little evidence supports a relationship between fatigue and glucose control. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used. METHOD: Data were combined from two studies conducted at a large urban university in the Midwestern United States, resulting in a total sample of 155 urban-dwelling adults with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected over the course of 6 days from 2013-March 2014. Fatigue and related biological and psychological phenomena were measured to perform path analyses using structural equation modelling methods. The STATA software was used to analyse the data. FINDINGS: In patients with A1C less than or equal to 7%, fatigue was related to diabetes distress and diabetes symptoms, but not to A1C directly or indirectly. In the group with A1C greater than 7%, fatigue was indirectly related to A1C; this relationship was mediated through diabetes symptoms, depression and diabetes distress. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that fatigue is indirectly related to glucose control, but only in patients who have elevated A1C levels. In those with adequate glucose control, fatigue is mainly influenced by the presence of diabetes symptoms and distress. In both groups, the number and severity of diabetes symptoms were the strongest predictors of fatigue, regardless of blood glucose control.

The effect of a couples intervention to increase breast cancer screening among korean americans.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of Korean Immigrants and Mammography-Culture-Specific Health Intervention (KIM-CHI), an educational program for Korean American (KA) couples designed to improve mammography uptake among KA women. DESIGN: A two-group cluster randomized, longitudinal, controlled design. SETTING: 50 KA religious organizations in the Chicago area. SAMPLE: 428 married KA women 40 years of age or older who had not had a mammogram in the past year. The women and their husbands were recruited from 50 KA religious organizations. METHODS: Couples were randomly assigned to intervention or attention control groups. Those in the KIM-CHI program (n = 211 couples) were compared to an attention control group (n = 217 couples) at baseline, as well as at 6 and 15 months postintervention on mammogram uptake. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Sociodemographic variables and mammography uptake were measured. Level of acculturation was measured using the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale. Researchers asked questions about healthcare resources and use, health insurance status, usual source of care, physical examinations in the past two years, family history of breast cancer, and history of mammography. FINDINGS: The KIM-CHI group showed statistically significant increases in mammography uptake compared to the attention control group at 6 months and 15 months postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: The culturally targeted KIM-CHI program was effective in increasing mammogram uptake among nonadherent KA women. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses and healthcare providers should consider specific health beliefs as well as inclusion of husbands or significant others. They also should target education to be culturally relevant for KA women to effectively improve frequency of breast cancer screening.

Diabetes distress may adversely affect the eating styles of women with type 1 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among diabetes distress, fear of hypoglycemia, and eating styles in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Fifteen women (mean age 37 ± 13.5 years) with T1DM completed surveys measuring diabetes distress, fear of hypoglycemia (FOH), and eating style. Height, weight, and A1C were obtained, and open-ended comments regarding hypoglycemic concerns and experiences were recorded. Diabetes distress was positively associated with A1C (r = .655, p = .008). High levels of external (73 %), emotional (47 %), and restrained (53 %) eating styles were reported. Emotional and external eating styles were positively associated with diabetes distress (r = .575 and r = .622; p < .05). Those with poorer glycemic control (A1C > 7 %; 53 mmol/mol) had higher levels of restrained eating behavior (F = 10.69, p = .006) and greater interpersonal distress (F = 5.916, p = .03) than those with better glycemic control (A1C < 7 %; 53 mmol/mol). A nonlinear relationship was identified between interpersonal distress and FOH (behavior subscale, p = .0383) indicating that fewer behavioral approaches were employed to avoid hypoglycemia at higher distress levels. The women in this sample were emotionally burdened by their disease. Distress was associated with eating styles linked with overeating and poor glycemic control. High levels of emotional and external eating styles may have important clinical implications for those with T1DM.